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The role of “CNC” in precision machining

Using coded programming instructions, precision CNC machining allows a workpiece to be cut and shaped to specifications without manual intervention by a machine operator.

Taking a computer aided design (CAD) model provided by a customer, an expert machinist uses computer aided manufacturing software (CAM) to create the instructions for machining the part. Based on the CAD model, the software determines what tool paths are needed and generates the programming code that tells the machine:

1. What the correct RPMs and feed rates are

2. When and where to move the tool and/or workpiece

3. How deep to cut

4. When to apply coolant

5. Any other factors related to speed, feed rate, and coordination

A CNC controller then uses the programming code to control, automate, and monitor the movements of the machine.

Today, CNC is a built-in feature of a wide range of equipment, from lathes, mills, and routers to wire EDM (electrical discharge machining), laser, and plasma cutting machines. In addition to automating the machining process and enhancing precision, CNC eliminates manual tasks and frees machinists to oversee multiple machines running at the same time.

In addition, once a tool path has been designed and a machine is programmed, it can run a part any number of times. This provides a high level of precision and repeatability, which in turn makes the process highly cost effective and scalable.